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From the American College of Rheumatology

Rheumatology for Primary Care
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Giant Cell Arteritis Case Studies

Home » Giant Cell Arteritis Case Studies
Giant Cell Arteritis Case Studies
  • Case 1

  • Case 2

  • Case 1

An 80 yo M presents to clinic with complaint of muscle pain and weakness in his shoulders.

History & Physical Exam

  • He recently noticed pain in his temples (worse on L) and difficulty chewing  because his jaw will become tired.
  • He had one episode of transient vision loss in his L eye, but this resolved within 2-3 minutes and has not recurred. He has never had these symptoms before.
  • He has had some low-grade fevers recently, but thought this was secondary to being around his grandchildren.
  • He is also having difficulty lifting his arms above his head when he tries to wash his hair in the shower.
  • On PE, he is unable to lift his shoulders above his head without discomfort, and he has tenderness to touch of his L temple. His vision is normal in clinic today.
  • His vital signs are within normal limits.

Diagnostic Workup

  • ESR and CRP are both elevated.
  • CBC and CMP are within normal limits.
Diagnosis

Treatment & Management

  • Start on high dose steroids (1 mg/kg)
  • Schedule temporal artery biopsy within the next 2 weeks
  • Case 2

A 75 yo F presents to clinic with complaint of scalp pain when she brushes her hair that started 1 week ago.

She finished treatment for breast cancer about 2 months ago and has been doing well other than recent-onset scalp tenderness.

History & Physical Exam

  • One month ago, she went on a trip to the Netherlands to visit her childhood home.
  • She denies any jaw claudication, vision loss, or muscle pain/weakness, or temporal artery tenderness.
  • Vital signs are within normal limits.
  • PE is unremarkable.

Diagnostic Workup

  • ESR and CRP are mildly elevated.
  • CBC and CMP are unremarkable.
Diagnosis

Treatment & Management

  • Close follow-up in the clinic to monitor for changes in symptoms.
  • She needs to be made aware of signs to look out for, such as jaw claudication, temporal headaches or tenderness, and most importantly, vision changes. 
  • If she were to experience any changes in vision, steroids would need to be promptly started without waiting for imaging or biopsy. 

Diagnosis

This patient is >50 yo with concerning symptoms of giant cell arteritis (GCA). His polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)-like symptoms of muscle pain/weakness in his shoulders, temporal headache, jaw claudication, transient vision loss, and systemic symptoms, with elevated inflammatory marker, are all highly suspicious for GCA. 

Diagnosis

This is a 75 yo white female of Northern European descent with scalp tenderness, which should raise suspicion for a possible giant cell arteritis (GCA). She has only had symptoms for 1 week, but this could be an early sign of GCA. It is prudent to further investigate her symptoms for GCA. 

It is also important to keep in mind that she may have elevated inflammatory markers as a sign of cancer recurrence, and this would also need to be considered.

View Information About Giant Cell Arteritis
Tami Bonnett-Admi2024-02-20T21:55:49+00:00

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This product was funded by a medical grant from Pfizer. The content was written by a physician work group. See Authors.

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